Including an additional systematic environmental effect within a generation in an evaluation model improves accuracy of prediction of breeding values in a closed herd of pigs

The present study evaluated the advantage of mixed‐model techniques over a selection index under different magnitudes of an additional systematic environmental effect (ASEE) in terms of accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain. The data attempted to simulate a closed herd in a pig breeding program. The base population (G₀) consisted of 10 males and 50 females. Six generations (G₀ to G₅) were selected by using a selection index of three traits without overlapping. Additional systematic environmental constants with four levels in a generation were assigned from a uniform distribution at different ranges. Breeding values of animals in the last generation (G₅) were estimated on the basis of an index of individual phenotype (SI‐U), SI‐U adjusted for ASEE using a least‐squares mean (SI‐A), best linear unbiased prediction using an animal model excluding ASEE (AM‐E), and an animal model including ASEE (AM‐I). Accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain were larger by the animal model than by the selection index, even if heritability of the traits selected was high and ASEE was set to zero. When ASEE was zero, the accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain given by SI‐U and AM‐I were similar to those given by SI‐A and AM‐E, respectively. However, the differences in accuracy and expected gain between SI‐U and AI‐A and between AM‐I and AM‐E increased as the range of ASEE increased. It was concluded that selection based on an animal model was more effective than index selection, even if the herd environment was uniform and traits with high heritability were selected, and that it should be always included in an evaluation model, however slight any systematic environmental effect may be in a closed herd.     

温湿处理环境对木塑复合材弯曲性能的影响

木塑复合材在使用时应考虑不同的环境条件对材料性能的影响，本文研究了不同密度的聚丙烯基木塑复合材经高/低温和浸水处理后材料的弯曲性能的变化情况，为木塑产品的生产和应用提供依据。     

广谱植物内生真菌枫香拟茎点霉生态功能的研究进展

旨在证明枫香拟茎点霉(Phomopsis liquidambari)有潜力成为广谱内生菌的模式菌株之一,有利于促进内生真菌与宿主植物之间的研究更加系统化、完整化。本研究综述了一株广谱植物内生真菌P.liquidambari在改善土壤化学特性,修复受污染的土壤,优化农业生态,提高农作物产量方面的作用。并从真菌定殖情况、植物生理响应和土壤环境优化三个方面,将该菌株与当前研究较多的印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)进行比较,并展望了P.liquidambari的研究前景。     

生态养老背景下木结构建筑发展探析

木结构建筑具有自然舒适、绿色环保、节能保温以及防震减灾等特点,在生态养老领域具有很好的发展前景。介绍了木结构建筑概况,分析了老年人的生态养老需求,从适老化、绿色智能和文旅康养等方面,对木结构老年建筑发展进行展望与讨论,提出了完善相关标准规范和政策建议,为促进我国木结构老年建筑发展提供参考。     

基于生态足迹模型的西北干旱绿洲农业区可持续发展评价——以张掖市为例

利用生态足迹和生态承载力的理论和方法,以西北干旱绿洲农业区城市张掖为例,对其可持续发展状况及程度进行了评价和度量。结果表明：张掖市2009年人均生态足迹为3.798hm2,人均承载力为1.453hm2,人均生态赤字为2.345hm2。在此基础上,对张掖市的生态可持续发展进行了评价,并提出解决对策。     

黑豆豆芽工厂化生产关键技术研究

利用黑龙江黑豆、吉林黑豆、上海黑豆3个黑豆品种进行工厂化生产的最佳品种和孵化环境条件试验。结果表明，黑龙江黑豆最适合工厂化生产，其生产最佳孵化环境为：孵化车间采用淋水间隔3.5 h、温度控制在23~25℃、湿度保持在75%以上，发芽后84 h 采收最适宜。     

Research Progress on Influence Factors of Mutton Quality

Meat quality means the characteristics such as appearance is related to palatability in fresh meat or manufactured meat, it includes meat color, meat structure, hardness, marbling, water holding capacity and so on.The physical characteristics of mutton quality determines the consumer acceptability of meat and there is a close relationship between chemical composition of mutton quality and nutrient substance.With the improvement of living standards, consumers are increasingly high demand for mutton.From quantitative to qualitative change, we need to continuously improve mutton quality.At present, the production of high quality animal products has become a hot topic.This paper is a summary of the effects of breed, gender, age, environment and feed nutrition on mutton quality, and aims to provide a scientific basis for improving of mutton quality with nutritional regulation measures.     

广东惠州生猪养殖现状调查及分析

惠州地处广东省珠江三角洲,近10多年城市化进程速度加快,城市人口增长迅速,随着人们生活水平不断提高,猪肉消费急速上升.同时,惠州也是广东省猪场最为集中的地区,是广东重要的肉猪、种猪生产基地.惠州地区规模生猪养殖发展之路更是广东省生猪养殖的一个缩影和风向标.通过深入基层调查,走访养殖户、屠宰场、大型养殖企业等,通过座谈交流、问卷调查和查阅生产记录的方式,对惠州不同规模生猪养殖发展现状及面临的主要问题进行了调查和分析.通过分析发现,中等规模的生猪养殖场（存栏500-2 999头）具有生产效益明显、环境容量合适、调整生产快、抗风险高和适合精细饲养等特点,比较适合目前惠州的生猪养殖发展.针对惠州面临的产业结构调整、划定动物禁养区等现实问题,本文提出应结合人文发展,完善行业标准,大力发展现代都市养殖模式-绿色生态园区的建议.     

荒漠草原建群种及其枯落物的C、N、P生态化学计量特征

以希拉穆仁草原建群种羊草(Leymuschinensis)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora Griseb)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens nevski)及其枯落物为研究对象,通过测定其C、N、P质量分数,并计算生态化学计量比,分析建群种养分限制格局及养分再吸收规律。结果表明:①植物叶片的C、N、P质量分数均值分别为398.74、24.41、1.55 g/kg,枯落物的为362.53、14.79、1.17 g/kg,3种植物叶片的C、N、P质量分数与其枯落物的差异显著(P<0.05)。②植物在枯落之前会将养分转移,防止养分的流失,N、P的养分再吸收效率范围分别在13.51%~77.49%、2.65%~49.51%,N的回流率大于P,进而使其具备了较强的适应干旱环境的能力。③3种植物叶片的N/P、C/N、C/P变化范围分别在11.81~21.70、15.76~16.59、195.47~273.37,枯落物的变化范围分别在7.72~17.05、17.71~64.46、215.43~487.46,3种植物叶片与枯落物的N/P、C/P差异显著(P<0.05)。④植物叶片N/P均值为16.95,枯落物N/P均值为12.31,说明植物的生长主要受P的限制。研究结果可为荒漠草原提供草地管理指导。     

生态停车场结构改良研究

为有效解决生态停车场交付使用后一段时间就出现草皮空秃严重的问题,该研究系统地对生态停车场结构中的3类面层材料、5类结合层材料、5类基层材料作了对比。结果表明:当停车场结构的基础为素土夯实,基层采用150 mm厚三七灰土加100 mm厚C15素混凝土,结合层采用30 mm厚1∶3水泥砂浆时,面层采用200~300 mm厚自然石既能有效控制草皮空秃问题,停车场的结构稳定性也较好;当停车场结构的基础为素土夯实,第1基层采用150 mm厚三七灰土,第2基层材料改用200 mm厚级配砂石,结合层材料改用50mm厚1∶3泥砂混合时,面层材料采用60 mm厚嵌草砖或70 mm厚植草格的综合效果良好。